Heat exchangers are devices designed to transfer heat between two or more fluids, or between a solid surface and a fluid, while keeping them physically separated. The main purpose of heat exchangers is to facilitate the efficient transfer of thermal energy from one medium to another. This process is often utilised in various industrial, commercial, and residential applications to control temperatures, conserve energy, and enhance efficiency.

The working principle of a heat exchanger revolves around the transfer of heat from one fluid (or gas) to another fluid (or gas) without the two fluids mixing. Heat exchangers are widely used in various industrial processes, HVAC systems, refrigeration, and automotive applications.